Common Reading Reaction Paper Free Essays

It’s basic information that there will be numerous individuals to be experienced in life that you can identify with somehow. I wind up identifying with Mishna Wolff from â€Å"I’m Down† from multiple points of view. From sharing fundamentally the same as encounters to having practically indistinguishable character attributes, I can no ifs, ands or buts relate to Mishna. We will compose a custom paper test on Basic Reading Reaction Paper or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now It’s unavoidable while you’re growing up and learning new things in school, you connect yourself to others with comparable premiums or simply share a type of science. As such, your â€Å"best friend† or â€Å"BFF† as others might want to call them. I’ve consistently had a closest companion, even since the beginning (3 years of age to be careful). For some odd reason my first closest companion was African-American. I never observed myself unique in relation to her, where being white or dark had no significance in my psyche. There were commonly where I’d go through the night at her home, and her family would be finished. I’d never got a handle on a greater amount of spot. The boisterous and unruly discussions, the slang I’d never heard, and simply the air was very surprising. This is the place I believe I can identify with Mishna, when she started â€Å"capping† with the local children to fit in. I had consistently wanted to change how I talked and carried on around her family. I had never gotten a handle on a greater amount of spot. Notwithstanding fitting in, Mishna had additionally joined a wide range of sports to satisfy her dad and win back (or an equivalent measure) of partiality. I can relate to this experience also. All through my youth I had bounced starting with one game then onto the next, from taking anguishing expressive dance classes, swimming, soccer, lastly cheer-driving. From the outset I began included myself in them since I needed to take a stab at something new; however it wound up being on the grounds that I was vieing for consideration from my more youthful sibling. My sibling had been playing baseball since he was six years of age. My mom and father, and even a portion of my more distant family could never neglect to observe each and every one of his games. My dad would rise himself in my brother’s baseball work on, going through hours after-school instructing him and a portion of his colleagues. With this consideration spent on my sibling and his baseball, I had consistently learned about left. My folks would drop me off at my own training and neither one of them included themselves in any game I was in. Mishna is envisioned in the book to be, generally, genuinely agreeable and doesn’t let such a large number of things trouble her. At the point when her dad says something preposterous or downright out of line, she depends on hushing up about everything. I can likewise identify with her thusly. There are ordinarily when somebody says something I can't help contradicting and I’m ready to simply disregard it and not let it influence me. In any case, there are numerous things Mishna did that I don’t agree with. When Mishna’s father told a gathering of individuals directly before her that Anora was â€Å"his girl† and simply let it slide that way, see, I wouldn’t let that go as without any problem. To me, that’s something amazingly upsetting to hear, seeing as your dad should cherish you unequivocally. Had it been my close to the steps spying on that discussion, I wouldn’t have thoroughly considered it twice to call my mom and go live with her. In addition, on the off chance that I was Mishna, I wouldn’t have let Anora pull off everything. The shamefulness is simply unfathomable and I could never permit it to go the extent that it did. In the event that my more youthful kin did things that were unseemly or was accomplishing something incorrectly and one of my folks just disregarded it like Mishna’s father did, I would have said something or acted in a similar way as Anora until everything was advocated. Had Mishna taken care of business, I don’t think things wouldn’t have gotten as terrible as they did with respect to her sister. At last, Mishna and I are indistinguishable in the things we think and do. I have had the option to identify with pretty much every experience she imparted to us in â€Å"I’m Down†, from the issues of fitting in to the issues with her dad. I feel that every one of these things make us the individual we are today, and for that, we shouldn’t be embarrassed about any of it. Mishna composing this book just yells to be glad for what your identity is and where you originate from. The most effective method to refer to Common Reading Reaction Paper, Essay models

Take Advantage of Your Summer on Campus!

Eager to be on a school grounds this summer?College summer programs for secondary school understudies are incredible for some reasons. They offer understudies the chance to take progressively troublesome classes in the subjects they are intrigued or even investigate classes that aren’t offered in secondary school. What's more, they can make new companions from everywhere throughout the nation and get the opportunity to encounter what life resembles on a school grounds. However, before you get found all that the mid year program brings to the table, we need to help you to remember a couple of things you can exploit when you’re on the school grounds. Being nearby over the late spring is an ideal open door for you to get familiar with the school and associate with key individuals face to face. 1. Converse with the Admissions Office Since you’re as of now nearby, go to the confirmations office! Acquaint yourself and talk with somebody on the confirmations group. Ask them inquiries about the application procedure and the school’s culture. It’s in every case great to have a contact in the confirmations office in the event that any inconveniences come up in your application procedure and you have to connect with somebody in the workplace. Manufacture a relationship with a confirmations official. 2. Contact Professors Have a subject you’re keen on? Email the educators in the significant division you’re inspired by and check whether you can plan a period with them to visit. Converse with them face to face and get familiar with what it’s like to study the subject, what the potential vocation ways are, and if there are any examination open doors you can engage in. Now, you may not be sure what you’d like to concentrate yet, so investigate and discover what it’d resemble on the off chance that you majored in something that piquesyour premium at this point. 3. Associate with Current College Students Since it is summer, there won’t be that numerous undergrads nearby. Having said that, there will at present be a bunch who are taking seminars nearby over the mid year or leading examination. Some may even be your camp chief or your TA! Converse with them about what it’s like to be an understudy there. What’s the grounds culture like? What do they like/loathe about the school? It doesn’t even must be explicit to the school. It may be increasingly useful for you to become familiar with how they moved toward the school determination process when all is said in done. 4. Look at the College Town Don’t simply center around the grounds. Look at the area you’re in. Suppose you went to class there. Would it be anything but difficult to get supper off-grounds? What are some go-to spots? Are things strategically placed? Are there acceptable open air spots you can get to if youre into outside exercises? Since you are there on a late spring program, you might not have as much leisure time to do this, yet keep your eyes open! It’s an extraordinary chance to see things you care about while you’re there. 5. Investigate the City The advantages of being a piece of a late spring program is that there are typically worked in exercises that permit you to perceive what the encompassing or close by city brings to the table to the understudies who go to school there. It might be a field excursion to a historical center or theater, a day at a ranchers advertise, or a climbing trip. It’s essential to comprehend what your quick encompassing is around grounds, however it’s additionally great to realize what your different choices are on the off chance that you needed to step away from grounds and participate in city life. Applying to school this up and coming school year? For access to our school profiles, move up to ourpremium plans, whichoffer various degrees of profile access and information bits of knowledge that can assist you with getting into your fantasy school.

Essay Topics - Choosing the Best Topics For Your Essay

Essay Topics - Choosing the Best Topics For Your EssayWhen writing an essay, one of the most important parts is choosing the best essay topics. The topics you choose have a great impact on how well your essay is received and how you appear to other readers.There are many advantages to choosing a topic that is in line with your personality. The ability to think on your feet, especially if you are reading through an essay topic as you read. However, it is important to remember that an essay topic that is not comfortable for you is not going to be comfortable for others. It may be a good idea to write down a list of things that you find more appealing about your hobbies or interests and then write about those topics while you are researching.Another important consideration when choosing a topic is to choose one that you are interested in. You don't want to choose something that is too broad to be interesting to others. Remember that a difficult topic can leave people feeling bored and d rained.When searching for essay topics, keep in mind the goal. Do you want your essay to be used as an evaluation tool? Or, do you want it to be a reflection of who you are and what you are passionate about?Essays that are being used for evaluation purposes typically have points where students will show their work. Students are given a grade on their ability to summarize and demonstrate their knowledge. It also helps to make sure that your essay has some points where you can have a discussion with your reader.One option when looking for essay topics is to choose what the subject is about. After all, you don't have to write something that is a complete mystery. You can also choose topics that are relevant to your area of study. Make sure that it is clearly defined.If you want to make sure that your essay topics are really suited for you, choose something that you are passionate about. Once you have picked a topic, it will be easier to convey the information in your essay. This gives you a broader scope for the information. And if you like something, you will be able to get into it much more easily than if you chose something that you weren't that interested in.There are many reasons why essay topics can be so important. They can allow you to express yourself and give you the opportunity to reach your readers. They are also very useful in evaluating the abilities of others in the class and within the class. But one of the most important factors is choosing the best essay topics.

Making Decisions Within The State Of Alaska - 1122 Words

Making decisions within the State of Alaska, Department of Corrections requires followings explicit legal standards (State of Alaska, 2015b). Every aspect of a decision will be subject to criticisms of management, staff, legal sources, and a civilian populace who may weigh in. Additionally, every decision is exceedingly scrutinized after the fact due to the environment in which effects are felt. The diverse population that is subject to the result of most training, the delivery, manner in which the context is received, and the content itself mandates precise delivery. Moreover, the fact that decisions in training, delivery, and content may not be fully evaluated until weeks or months after the fact. For this reason, the decision in†¦show more content†¦Without proper decision-making skills, the State of Alaska or the Department of Corrections may be subject to scrutiny. To ensure proper decisions processing with a lot of checks and balances are made, managerial decisio n-making tools may be used. Discussion Managerial decision tools provide a degree of procedural steps that increase the speed and accuracy of the result. The State of Alaska training requires this degree of accuracy in the decision-making process (State of Alaska, 2015a). Elements of the tools used by managers incorporate quickly identifiable needs or directions to meet specific requirements. These requirements are essential in the Training Needs and the Tools Available to meet the needs. The process begins with the needs of the State of Alaska, Department of Corrections. Training Needs The State of Alaska Department of Corrections has specific training needs ranging in topics from the wear of the uniform to use of deadly force. Each topic has a necessity of delivery and criticality that depicts the method of delivery, time, and setting of the training (State of Alaska, 2015a; Department of Corrections. 2002; State of Alaska 2015, June 14a; Phillips, 1997). The same standards apply to the degree of knowledge delivery, retention and recall both immediately as well as over time. For this reason, there are several common delivery methods the department may use

Hotel Industry Employee

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4287 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Descriptive essay Did you like this example? The hotel industry has long struggled to establish what truly makes hotel employees motivated and satisfied with their jobs. High employee turnover in the hotel industry is believed to be due to the nature of the work, its low pay, and its long working hours. Thus, to effectively address this turnover problem, employee motivation could be an on-going and critical issue for managers in hotel operations. (Chiang and Jang 2008) Chitiris (1990, 293) strongly emphasized the importance of motivation by stating that Motivation is the prime determinant of behaviour at work and that high ability and high levels of job training will not result in high performance if the individual is completely de-motivated or under-motivated at work. In addition to that, Lee-Ross (2005) elaborated on the significant connection between motivation in the workplace and practical organizational-based outcomes such as productivity, commitment, job satisfaction, intent to stay and burnout. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Hotel Industry Employee | Tourism Dissertation" essay for you Create order According to Robbins et al. (2008, 180), motivation can be defined as The processes that account for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal. Intensity is concerned with how hard a person tries, and is generally the focus of motivation. However, high intensity is unlikely to bring favourable job-performance outcomes unless the effort is channelled in the right direction. Finally, the persistence dimension of motivation is a measure of how long a person can maintain effort. Motivated individuals stay with a task long enough to achieve their goal. Fundamentally, Hackman and Oldhams (1976) theory of motivation is concerned with internal work motivation whereby a continuous cycle of motivation happens within the employee. In other words, the more effort expended on a job, the more motivated they would become. (Chiang and Jang 2008; Lee-Ross 2005) While on the job, motivation is important for individuals. In some theories (e.g. expectancy or equity), researchers predict variations in the evaluations of motivational outcomes, for example, by using remuneration. However, the evaluation of remuneration is usually only one of many outcomes and is often measured with little accuracy. (Mitchell and Mickel 1999) The biggest challenge of employee motivation is that employees often motivate themselves, based on their perception of what they want to achieve and how they can achieve it. However, if managers are aware of what their employees want from work, they can design a work environment that accommodates employees needs and desires. At the same time, well-informed managers may be able to avoid common pitfalls that tend to reduce employee motivation. (Simons and Enz 1995) If a company knows why its employees come to work on time, stay with the company for their full working lives, and are productive, then it might be able to ensure that all of its employees behave in that way (Kovach 1987, 58). Such a company would naturally have a competitive advantage over competitors that may be suffering from high absenteeism and turnover rates, costly re-training programs, and production slowdowns. Wiley (1997) emphasized that in the case of the lack of ability in employees, appropriate training can be implemented; while altering the work environment to promote higher performance is the key in the event of environmental problems. However, if motivation is the problem, the solution would be more complicated and testing. For motivational problems, the best source of information would be the employees. Responses by employees regarding what ignites and sustains their desire to work may lead the employer to redesign jobs, increase pay, change the working environment, or give more credit for work done. The key is that managers should always avoid the assumption that what motivates them will motivate their employees as well. Riley, Ladkin, and Szivas (2002) cited in Taylor and Davies (2004) that the World Tourism Organization announced tourism and hospitality industry as the worlds largest industry sector. Despite the concern about accurately quantifying the definition of tourism as an industry, for employment estimation purposes, it is considered to be one and a half times larger than the next industry. The accommodation sector has continued to exhibit growth over the last few decades, although at various rates, and is forecasted to continue this growth both in development and employment numbers. Therefore, a huge number of employees in the hotel industry are employed on an hourly basis due to meet the highly seasonal industry demand. A review of the literature indicates that there are problems in the hotel industry such as inadequate pay, low job security, limited training and development opportunities, and excessive turnover. (Cheng and Brown 1998; Deery and Shaw 1999; Pizam and Thornburg 2000; Karatepe and Uludag 2007). There are also problems pertaining to unsocial work hours and workloads in the hotel industry. (Karatepe and Sokmen 2006; Rowley and Purcell 2001; Karatepe and Uludag 2007) The studies of Lee-Ross (1993) added that these problems in the hotel industry seemed to be more extreme in the seasonal or casual employment sector. Understanding hotel employees attitudes and motivations has therefore become a useful area of research in the industry. (Wong, Siu, and Tsang 1999) Weaver (1988) argued that hotel managers have experimented with various motivational theories and methods over the years to address the problem of declining productivity among their hourly employees. However, most of these experiments have had minimal success, because they are based on reward systems that have little meaning for hourly employees. If hotel managers are able to satisfy employees needs and wants by understanding their underlying motivations better, it will play a part in retaining and motivating hotel employees. This, in return, will improve customer satisfaction in the long run. (Wong, Siu, and Tsang 1999) Iverson and Deery (1997, 71) noted that Turnover culture is best characterised as the acceptance of turnover as part of the workgroup norm. Alternatively, it is a belief held by employees that turnover behaviour is quite appropriate especially in the hotel industry. In the hotel industry, employees strongly require intelligence, job knowledge and skills, and time management ability. However, without motivation, an employee will not advance in his or her career. (Wong, Siu, and Tsang 1999) The amount of effort an employee inputs toward achieving the hotels goals depends on whether the employee believes that this effort will lead to the satisfaction of his or her own needs and desires. When a need or desire is unsatisfied, a person tries to reduce the tension. From this straightforward approach to motivating employees, the key to facilitating motivation lies with managers accurate understanding of what their employees want from their work. (Simons and Enz 1995) A category of motivational models is based on the assumption that personal growth and achievement is the primary motivating force among employees. These models emphasize on giving ones best efforts to grow and develop as an individual or to advance within the organization. This category of motivational theories includes Maslows theory of self-actualization, and Herzbergs theory of maintenance factors and motivational factors. Maslows theory of self-actualisation has no relevance in the work environment of hourly employees. On the other hand, career-oriented and salaried employees are more likely to be motivated by assurances that the organization will provide opportunities to actualize their full potential. (Weaver 1988) In relation to that, Herzberg divided working conditions into two sets of factors: maintenance factors and motivational factors. According to Herzberg, company policies, technical supervision, interpersonal relationships, salary and status, job security, working conditions, and personal life are maintenance factors; while advancement, recognition, achievement, possibility for personal growth, responsibility, and the work itself are motivational factors. Herzberg believes that maintenance factors do not have the ability to motivate workers. Many hotel managers might agree with this argument, since their early years in the industry were most likely to be characterised by unfavourable maintenance factors, yet they continued their career due to the presence of Herzbergs motivational factors. (Weaver 1988) Another argument of Herzbergs two-factor theory, also known as the motivation-hygiene theory, divides need satisfactions into extrinsic and intrinsic factors. The extrinsic factors (e.g. salary, working conditions, and job security) lead to job dissatisfaction if not met; but will not necessarily contribute to job satisfaction when they are met. The intrinsic factors (e.g. work itself, achievement, and recognition) are the actual motivators; they fulfil an individuals need for psychological growth. The extrinsic factors, on the other hand, merely prevent dissatisfaction. (Kovach 1987) Besides Maslows theory of self-actualization, the conditions of employment Herzberg views as motivational factors also do not apply to the work of hourly employees. In other words, hourly employees are less likely to be motivated by motivational factors that are related to personal growth and achievement. Weaver (1988, 41) stated that Other models attempt to motivate employees by using psychological rewards or punishment, or try to increase employees commitment and productivity by generating a sense of team or family spirit within the organization. These models may backfire instead since the overuse of threats or reprimands may serve as a strong force against motivation. Hostile and distrusting supervisors can dramatically shape employees working conditions, and, for many employees, can diminish motivation levels, argued Simons and Enz (1995, 23). McGregors Theory X and Theory Y and Ouchis Theory Z describe motivational approaches managers have employed specifically to motivate hourly employees (Weaver 1988). These theories are most likely to be applicable in the hotel industry due to its ever-changing, seasonal and labour-intensive nature. Theory X operates in the assumption that employees are lazy and have a strong dislike for work. Managers who agree with this view believe that employees will not be productive unless they are continually prompted and are punished by disciplinary action or the threat of dismissal for low productivity. (Weaver 1988) On the other hand, Weaver (1988) said that Theory Y is based on the assumption that an employees presence at the workplace indicates that he or she is willing to work. Proponents of Theory Y believe that guidance and positive feedback are sufficient to motivate hourly workers to work well. In recent years, many hotel groups have made a conscious change from Theory X to Theory Y management. This change should generally show positive results, since people respond better to encouragement and compliments than to prodding and punishment. However, employees may not always be willing to put out 100 percent effort just because their supervisor is being nice to them. In addition to that, Theory Z is based on the Japanese management model, which focuses on a strong company philosophy and a distinct corporate culture. Companies that develop a motivational model based on Theory Z try to convince employees that they are part of a team or family. Many hotels are starting to implement such motivational programmes in hope of cultivating a sense of family and loyalty within their employees. (Weaver 1988) Interestingly, Weaver (1988) found that hotel employees are often more sceptical than employees in most other industries. This may be due to the fact that they work in an environment where they see how people really behave when they are away from home. Hourly employees in the hotel industry are usually fully aware of what their interest are and are not easily motivated by programmes that they perceive as being unbeneficial and a waste of time. Lee-Ross (2005) stated that high motivation and subsequent job satisfaction can be achieved as long as an individuals job contains sufficient content variables such as skill variety and challenge. He also argued that the other process school states that these positive outcomes depend not only on content variables, but also on how workers evaluate the pros and cons of undertaking a job. Motivation factors including pay, monetary rewards, opportunity for advancement and promotion have been examined in the hotel industry. Also, other motivation factors such as job responsibility, recognition from people, job challenge, feelings of accomplishment, and development of self-esteem have been identified important for hotel employees. (Chiang and Jang 2008; Wong, Siu, and Tsang 1999) The importance of intrinsic and extrinsic work motivation for hotel employees may also vary in comparison to employees in other industries due to their intensive labour work, low pay, image of low status and few opportunities for advancement (Chiang and Jang 2008). In moving across cultures, motivational preferences become even more diverse. The preferences of employees are expected to differ across nations and cultures. (Fisher and Yuan 1998) It is valuable to know exactly what employees value, and whether subgroups of employees have differing preferences, so that reward systems can be appropriately targeted. Often, superiors misperceive the relative importance of various job characteristics for their employees. To the extent that they do (misperceive), they may adopt less than optimal motivation strategies because they misunderstand employees needs and wants. (Fisher and Yuan 1998, 517) The lack of attachment or loyalty plays a large part in the high rate of turnover among hourly employees. It also accounts for the lack of success of motivational efforts based on company loyalty or the promise of career advancement and personal growth within a company. (Weaver 1988) In 1946, industrial employees were asked to rank ten job reward factors in terms of personal preference. The results were as follows: (Kovach 1987, 59) Full appreciation of work done; Feelings of being in on things; Sympathetic help with personal problems; Job security; Good wages; Interesting work; Promotion and growth in the organization; Personal loyalty to employees; Good working conditions; and Tactful discipline. By 1986, the list looked like this: Interesting work; Full appreciation of work done; Feeling of being in on things; Job security; Good wages; Promotion and growth in the organization; Good working conditions; Personal loyalty to employees; Tactful discipline; and Sympathetic help with personal problems. In addition to comparing the employees factor rankings, the survey that was done in 1986 analysed the employees responses by subgroups (e.g. age and income). The underlying assumption was that the motivational effectiveness of the factors might vary according to gender, age, income level, job type and/or organizational level. (Kovach 1987) The 40 years of studies done by Kovach shaped the belief held by many motivational programmes that money does not matter (Simons and Enz 1995). Industrial employees seem to place more emphasis on intrinsic motivational factors compared to wages. In addition to that, in 1946 and 1986, supervisors were asked to rank job rewards as they believed employees would rank them. Their rankings remained almost the same for both years: (Kovach 1987, 59) Good wages; Job security; Promotion and growth in the organization; Good working conditions; Interesting work; Personal loyalty to employees; Tactful discipline; Full appreciation of work done; Sympathetic help with personal problems; and Feeling of being in on things. The rankings show that supervisors have a very inaccurate perception of what motivates employees. Supervisors assumed that employees were strongly motivated by the extrinsic factors and benefits given by organizations, thus leading to a mismatch of remuneration components. However, in 1992, the replication done by Wiley (1997, 268) in hotel employees showed a completely different set of rankings: Good wages; Full appreciation of work done; Job security; Promotion and growth in the organization; Interesting work; Personal loyalty to employees; Good working conditions; Tactful discipline; Feeling of being in on things; and Sympathetic help with personal problems. This could be due to the fact that hotel employees differed substantially from industrial employees. This difference in rankings indicates the need for different managerial strategies for motivating hotel employees, relative to those used for industrial employees. Hotel employees ranked good wages first, which may be a result of the relatively low wages of service-sector jobs. (Simons and Enz 1995) In addition to that, a research done by Charles and Marshall (1992) showed that Caribbean hotel employees may not have the same motivational preferences as those in developed countries. Whereas wages have not been found to be an important motivator in similar research conducted in developed countries, they were ranked highest among this group of Caribbean employees. Proper motivation of employees is vital as it is directly related with productivity and retention. Employees who are contented with their jobs, who feel challenged, and who have the opportunity to fulfil their goals will exhibit less destructive behaviour on the job. They will also be absent less frequently, they will be less inclined to switch jobs, and, most importantly, they will be more efficient. (Kovach 1987) Considering the evident relationship between employee and customer satisfaction, different approaches have been experimented in the attempt to improve employee satisfaction. Predictably, the list was led by compensation, although most anticipate this will become less important in the future. Employee recognition programmes, the opportunity for career advancement and exposure to training followed in order of impact. (Cline 1997, 24) The concept that employees may prefer interesting work over good wages is interesting, but the early studies were based on employees in the manufacturing industries. It seems very likely that hospitality employees preferences would differ from those of manufacturing employees in important ways (Simons and Enz 1995) as it has been shown in the research done by Wiley in 1997. An interesting point of view by Siu, Tsang, and Wong (1997) explained that job factors that are considered by employees to have the greatest motivating power are usually those that are least present in the job. Thus, managers should identify this gap and implement appropriate changes in the attempt of meeting employees motivational expectations. The ever-changing nature of the hotel industry has created and reinforced a turnover culture. Employees generally enter the industry with the belief that there is limited career development and promotional opportunity (Iverson and Deery 1997). However, other job reward factors may be able to attract, motivate and retain hotel employees through proper implementation. When trying to motivate employees, managers often forget that the desire to perform the job must come from within the employee and not from the supervisor. The level and direction of effort are set by employees, based on their perceptions of the most effective method to satisfy their personal desires. Managers could take employees desires into account in creating an environment, where properly directed effort will give employees some form of satisfaction. For many hotel employees, this ultimate motivational catalyst may involve some form of cash incentive and opportunity for growth. For others, it will focus on job security and good working conditions. (Simons and Enz 1995) Essentially, the human element in the hotel industry forms the basic determining factor for effective performance. Therefore, hotel management should strive to increase employees interest in their work and develop organizational structure and management policies as to create positive work environment in which a wider range of employee needs could be satisfied. (Chitiris 1988) The survey on Kovachs rankings of preferences of job reward factors was done by Wiley in 1997, where it was targeted specifically at hotel employees. An up-to-date comparison is deemed to be necessary especially with the current economic boom. The lack of current literature indicates that there is a gap in defining what really motivates hotel employees in comparison to what managers assume motivates employees these days. Also, different culture may affect the research findings if the survey was done in other countries, given that Rileys research was conducted in USA. 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An Investigation of the Relationship between Employee Turnover and Organizational Culture. Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research 23 (4): 387-400. SAGE Journals Online. https://jht.sagepub.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/cgi/reprint/23/4/387 (accessed April 24, 2008). Fisher, C. D., and X. Y. Yuan. 1998. What Motivates Employees? A Comparison of US and Chinese Responses. International Journal of Human Resource Management 9 (3): 516-28. Business Source Premier. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=4220004site=ehost-live (accessed April 24, 2008). Hackman, J. R., and G. R. Oldham. 1976. Motivation Through the Design of Work: Test of a Theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 16 (2): 250-79. ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B7J20-4D5WNG6-HR/1/726828b8101dd8bf872a39fa064ee2ad (accessed April 25, 2008). Iverson, R. D., and M. Deery. 1997. Turnover Culture in the Hospitality Industry. Human Resource Management Journal 7 (4): 71-82. ABI/INFORM Global. https://proquest.umi.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/pqdweb?did=23350547Fmt=7clientId=22212RQT=309VName=PQD (accessed March 20, 2008). Karatepe, O. M., and A. Sokmen. 2006. The Effects of Work Role and Family Role Variables on Psychological and Behavioral Outcomes of Frontline Employees. Tourism Management 27 (2): 255-68. ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V9R-4F6CRDP-1/1/adca5fff1a1b404535d326620d9fd47b (accessed April 14, 2008). Karatepe, O. M., and O. Uludag. 2007. Conflict, Exhaustion, and Motivation: A Study of Frontline Employees in Northern Cyprus Hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management 26 (3): 645-65. ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VBH-4KBX4S4-1/1/19f3bc55ac06bed4a46a6776772e067e (accessed March 24, 2008). Kovach, K. A. 1987. What Motivates Employees? Workers and Supervisors Give Different Answers. Business Horizons, 58-65. 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A. Enz. 1995. Motivating Hotel Employees: Beyond the Carrot and the Stick. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Feb 1995. 20-7. ABI/INFORM Global. https://proquest.umi.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/pqdweb?index=0did=4683502SrchMode=1sid=2Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1209126970clientId=22212 (accessed March 7, 2008). Siu, V., N. Tsang, and S. Wong. 1997. What Motivates Hong Kongs Hotel Employees? Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 38 (5): 44-9. ABI/INFORM Global. https://proquest.umi.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/pqdweb?did=18185362Fmt=7clientId=22212RQT=309VName=PQD (accessed March 17, 2008). Taylor, R., and D. Davies. 2004. Aspects of Training and Remuneration in the Accommodation Industry: A Comparison between Australian and Singaporean Providers. Journal of European Industrial Training 28 (6/7): 466-73. 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The Ecj Has A Major Influence On Making The Constitution...

The ECJ has had a major influence on making the constitution of the EU more supranational by setting rules such as the principle of direct effect, which implies obligation for every EU citizen without having to call in national states, and the primacy of EU law over national law. The ECJ has also had significant influence on other areas of EU policy, such as establishing the principle of mutual recognition of standards in all member states. In other words, the national courts have been incorporated into the administration of EU justice, making the ECJ the most influential judicial body in Europe. Even when compared to other dominant national constitutional courts such as the US Supreme Court or German Federal Constitutional Court, the†¦show more content†¦The ECB, however, was declared to be highly supranational from the very outset, and its effects on national sovereignty were recognised by the member states in the Treaty of Maastricht. Member states, unlike in the case of the ECJ, were fully aware they would be giving up significant aspects of monetary and fiscal autonomy. However, the ECJ has more flexibility than the ECB to interpret which duties fall within its responsibility. In the case of the ECB, the roles are well defined and it has a very specific institutional mandate, whereas the ECJ’s roles are not well delineated and change over time as the institution transforms. With no limitation or even guidance on the rules of interpretation that should be applied, the ECJ can adopt its own methods for interpreting the Treaty, establishing its difference from national and international legal systems. Thus, the ECJ has increased its authority through its interpretation of the law and rules. Moreover, the ECJ and national courts have continued to exist in parallel and a crucial element of the ECJ’s competency depends on the national courts for implementation. By contrast, the ECB took over all the crucial functions of the national central banks and its institutional structure does not depend on the national central banks to any great extent. Nevertheless, neither the ECJ nor the ECB is subject to member state government oversight like the European Commission, which can be overruled by the Council of Ministers.

Information Technology and Project Management - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Information Technology and Project Management. Answer: According to Too and Weaver ( 2014), change management can be defined as the approach utilized by individuals, project teams and organizations, in order to redirect the usage of resources, budgets, business process, and plans, such that they can get accustomed with any change within the existing environment. In case of the project under consideration, appropriate change management processes would essentially be implemented at such situations when changes in the project scope or plan are requested by the client end and/ or by the members of the project team. Under such circumstances, the following steps would be utilized for ensuring that the changes being requested are justified: Change documentation: The stakeholder raising the change requests would be instruct to document the requests following appropriate templates and structures, thus highlighting the reason behind raising the request, the possible positive and negative effect on the project in case the same is not implemented and the probable effects on the project in case the requested changes are implemented. Discussions on the change request: Once the request documents are available to the higher management associated with the project, the project manager starts reviewing the requests made an the expected outcomes of the same. Besides this, the project manager also takes into account the extent to which the project team has proceeded with the project activities and the extent to which the said progress would be hampered in case the requested changes are incorporated. The review of the above mentioned factors would lead to the finalization of the change requests that can possibly be considered. Once this particular task is completed, the entire project team would start working on the budgetary and resource calculation aspects of the project, so as to highlight the additional budget, resources an time required for incorporating the changes. Detailed records regarding these requirements would then be submitted to the client for the final approval on these change requests. In case the changes are approved by the client and the project sponsor, information regarding the same is shared with all members of the project team. On the other hand, in case the change proposals are dismissed, the information is passed on to that particular stakeholder who raised the change request at the first place. Change implementation: This is the final phase of the change management phase, which is conducted only in case the change requests raised by the stakeholder are approved from the client end. The implementation of the approved changes would be conducted through the following phases: Phase 1: Preparation for change implementation: The strategies and processes to be utilized in the implementation of the change has to be identified, along with the development of the plans required for implementing the same. b. Phase 2: Managing the change: In this phase, the strategic plan develop for the implementation of the change would be shared with the members of the change management team, for the purpose of appropriate implementation of the same. Phase 3: Reinforcing the change: In this phase of the change management process, the project manager would collect feedback from the team members regarding the change, such that success of the change can be observed from the perspective of the team mates along with the identification of any resistance to the same. Based on the information collected from the feedbacks, corrective measures would be taken so as to fill up the gaps in the change management process and to manage the resistance effectively. Communication with Stakeholders The stakeholders associated with the project have been outlined in following table, along with the methods and techniques to be followed in communicating with them. According to researchers Mir and Pinnington (2014), the project closure phase is essentially the last stage of any project activity. The following steps would follow during the project closure phase of the project under consideration: Contract closure: The contracts with the project sponsor, client and the vendors have to close. Verification of scope requirements: The primary aim of the project is to deliver such ICT system to the client that meets all the specific requirements documented in the project charter. Thus, it is essential that the client verifies that the product delivered meets all the requirements included in the scope document and acknowledges the same. Development of project reports: The final reports of the project have to documented in this phase and archived in a proper manner, such that the references to the same can be easily made in future. Conducting post project review: A post project review has to be conducted and the same has to be submitted to the client end. Releasing resources: The resources working on the project would be released. Bibliography: Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Martinelli, R.J. and Milosevic, D.Z., 2016.Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. Mir, F.A. and Pinnington, A.H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), pp.202-217. Pemsel, S. and Wiewiora, A., 2013. Project management office a knowledge broker in project-based organisations.International Journal of Project Management,31(1), pp.31-42. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Too, E.G. and Weaver, P., 2014. The management of project management: A conceptual framework for project governance.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), pp.1382-1394. Verzuh, E., 2015.The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley Sons.

Romeo and Juliet Act Three Scene One Essay Example

Romeo and Juliet: Act Three Scene One Essay In Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, act three scene one becomes a very important part of the play. This is the scene that the play has dramatic changes in, whether it is from a classical comedy to a classical tragedy. To express the desired effect on the audience, staging has its large amounts of importance to play in order to gain impact on the rest of the play.Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeares most famous tragedies, it was written in 1595. It is a play about two young people who fall in love and marry each other despite the fact that the families they come from are worst enemies from ancient times, through ancient grudges. This play is considered to be one of the greatest ever written because of the enormous change which takes place in this scene. Plays of Elizabethan England and earlier were divided into genres. Some examples of genre would be comedy, tragedy, and romance and these genres would follow certain patterns. Comedy and tragedy were completely unrelated, therefore, b y having the two plays unite would make it very popular.Today, the genre of comedy is associated with happiness and hilarity and is defined by a story or a play that deliberately causes the audience to laugh; this is a different understanding of the word comedy in Elizabethan England. In Shakespeares England, comedy was usually a story of two lovers who wished to get together but was held back by their elders, the play would then result in a way that the couple would end up married.Shakespeares tragedies were usually quite bloody and ended with the death of a main character; an example of this is in the play of Macbeth. They showed a lot of people suffering and dying, usually because of bad rulers.Romeo and Juliet was not any typical comedy or tragedy, Shakespeare showed his spectators that genres could be combined to create a diverse story. He transformed Romeo and Juliet from a comedy to a tragedy in just one individual scene, which makes this one of the most momentous plays in hi story. It may be difficult for a modern audience to understand the value of this scene in the play due to the Shakespearean language used. I am going to explore how I could make this easily suggested to a modern audience that this is a very important turning point in the play.Act three scene one, this is just after when Romeo and Juliet secretly get married. Tybalt has now become Romeos relative, but still, he doesnt know it. Romeo tries to keep calm when Tybalt demands a fight because Tybalt is Juliets Cousin.The reason why this scene is so significant to the play is because it is a major turning point for the entire play. As mentioned before, act three scene one has a combination of comedy and tragedy. Because of this, it makes it a lot more important than usual. Act 3 scene 1 takes place in a public place. As Mercutio, Benvolio, page and servants enter the scene, they already are having small, immature arguments. This pre-empts the beginning of the scene. Benvolio is the moderate person, the pacifist, the type of person who hopes for no trouble, nor will he cause it. We know this because of the first disagreement between the Montagues and the Capulets in Act 1 Scene 1. The beginning of Act 1 Scene 1 is also similar to this scene, friends are talking among themselves and the other houses come on scene, causing trouble. Right at the beginning of Act 3 Scene 1, Benvolio says:I pray thee, good Mercutio, lets retire:The day is hot, the Capulets abroad,And, if we meet, we shall not scape a brawl;For now, these hot days, is the mad blood stirringThis shows that Benvolio does not want any trouble, but it also prepares us for any arguments that will happen during this scene. A tragedy will happen, and it is inevitable that something bad will happen. The love between Romeo and Juliet brings the tragedy, as we know that during this scene they are already married. The phrase these hot days that Benvolio says reflect on the heat of the day which equals with the tempers frayed which also shows a possibility of fighting. The next phrase that Benvolio says mad blood stirring is also important, as this gives us the suggestion that the heat and the conflicts combine to cause stirring emotions.As Mercutio replies, he tells Benvolio that he is being hypercritical about fighting. Because Mercutio replies Benvolio in a critical way, this prepares the audience for conflict, even between Mercutio and Benvolio, but we know that Benvolio is not like this, he will stop the trouble, whereas Mercutio will be the centre of trouble, he seems to like the sound of his own voice, so even if he dies, he will make a final speech. Benvolio replies in a calm way to Mercutio after he has accused Benvolio of being a hypercritic, he asks am I such a fellow? and it seems as if he has no opinion to what Mercutio has just said about him, he does not get provoked whereas Mercutio is trained in dialectal. Mercutio then argues his case, with the longest possible answer to Benvolio s question, but to the end, all that he says is that why are you telling me that you wont fight, but yes you will, like you have done before Benvolio answers his speech with a few words, he tells Mercutio that giving the right circumstances, he will quarrel, but he will not cause the trouble, just to quarrel.Before Tybalt enters the scene, Mercutio says By my head, here come the Capulets but Mercutio obviously does not care, and replies with By my heel, I care not. This gives us the idea that Mercutio will try and cause trouble. Tybalt then asks Mercutio or Benvolio for a word with one of them, straight away, Mercutio says:And but one word with one of us? Couple it withSomething; make it a word and a blow.With Mercutio saying the words above, it provokes the Capulets; therefore, Tybalt will say things to provoke Mercutio, such as Mercutio, thou consortst with Romeo this means that he is calling Mercutio and Romeo the vagrancy, petty criminals. Both Mercutio and Tybalt end up having an argument that grows every second, using different ways to insult one another. Again, Benvolio tries to stop the arguments, trying to remove the conflicts as he says:We talk in the public haunt of men:Either withdraws unto some private place,And reason coldly of your grievances,Or else depart; here all eyes gaze on us.Benvolios efforts fail, with Mercutio saying let the others stare let their eyes pleasure them. Romeo then enters the scene, we know that he is married to Juliet, therefore, he will not tempt to fight with Tybalt, as Tybalt, is now Romeos cousin.Romeo should have never interfered into the argument of Tybalt and Mercutio. It was like a law for fights and arguments to be one on one as if it was a wrestling match. Romeo says:Tybalt, the reason that I have to love theeDoth must excuse the appertaining rageTo such a greeting: villain am I none;Therefore farewell; I see thou knowst me not.This speech of Romeo makes him sound as if he is backing away from Tybalt and the up coming fight, the speech is ambiguous, what ever Romeo decides to say from now is quite so ambiguous. Romeo repeats what he says about loving Tybalt. When Mercutio sees that no fight will happen, he turns immediately draws his sword. This is important because the calm atmosphere changes automatically when Mercutio is certain no fight will happen, so he draws to cause one. Tybalt then draws his sword too, I am for you. The etiquette of fighting would be that Romeo would not intervene into the fight, as mentioned before; it was seen as an unwritten law of fighting.I have divided the Act 3 scene 1 into 3 parts, the beginning has been described above and I believe that this first part of the scene is important because the atmosphere changes from the calm talk between the Capulets and the Montagues, or even the minor arguments have unexpectedly transformed into a fighting scene involving weapons to slaughter. I also believe that it is an important part of the overall scene because the et iquette of fighting has been broken; meaning that this can show us that many other cultural things in the play may have a slight change.The second section of the play is all about the fight that is between Tybalt, Mercutio and Romeo. It is about Mercutios death, and the curse that will fly upon both the Capulets and the Montagues. Because Mercutio and Tybalt are fighting, Romeo tells Benvolio:Draw, Benvolio; beat down their weapons.Gentlemen, for shame, forbear this outrage!Tybalt, Mercutio, the prince expressly hathForbidden bandying in Verona streets:Hold, Tybalt! Good Mercutio!As Romeo interferes into the fight, as he steps in between them, Tybalt, under Romeos arm stabs Mercutio, and flies with his followers. Tybalt runs when he realises what he has done, he has little retribution. Yet still, Mercutio speaks whilst he is hurt, he likes the sound of his own voice. After he gets stabbed, he says:I am hurtA plague o both your houses! I am sped.Is he gone, and hath nothing?When Merc utio says this, it is as if the Montagues and the Capulets are pre-destined for something bad to happen. Benvolio is much more concerned than Romeo; he shows this by saying what, art thou hurt? Mercutios reply sounds as if the wound is not much at first, he says Ay, ay, a scratch, a scratch but, when he finishes his sentence with the words marry, tis enough. We know that Mercutio is seriously injured, and with that one stabbing under Romeos arm, has done enough to kill him. He also asks his page (servant) to go and find him a surgeon; this shows us that he still wants to live, that hed rather die with pride, and not through a misfortune.Then, Romeo is being very insensitive with the words he say, courage, man; the hurt cannot be much Mercutio still keeps up with his character with all the intelligent talk that he says even when he is slowly dying. Mercutio is a very important person because he is the kinsman of the Prince, during the speech after Romeos comment, he says grave man at one point. This is a metaphorical phrase to show his decaying in life, with these words used, Shakespeare is showing that his intelligence is still with him. Within the same speech, he says a plague o both your houses again, this is repeated o the audience of the play understands and remembers that Mercutio is now wanting both the Montagues and the Capulets to fall from their top position. When Mercutio says: Why the devil came you between us? I was hut under your arm. Here Mercutio is talking to Romeo, he wonders why he interfered. This quote also shows that Mercutio did not want to die through an accident, and he hopes he wont, because he would rather loose a fight and die because of Tybalt, and only Tybalt. Romeos response was that he thought all for the best of Mercutio, but, he was not thinking at all, the traditional law of fighting was not to get in the way of two peoples fight, but Romeo did.Mercutio once more reminds us that he hopes for a plague to attack the Montagues an d the Capulets. He says they have made worms meat of me with reference to grave man his last words are imperative too. He knows that he does not have a sufficient amount of breath to tell us a plague should hit both the Montagues and the Capulets, so he cautiously and wisely says your houses. Both Benvolio and Mercutio now exeunt this part of the scene and leave Romeo to think about his actions. Romeo, to himself says:This gentleman, the princes near ally,My very friend, hath got his mortal hurtIn my behalf; my reputation staindWith Tybalts slander,Tybalt, that an hourHath been my kinsman! O sweet Juliet,Thy beauty hath made me effeminateAnd in my temper softend valours steel!Here he blames Juliet for Mercutios death; he never blames himself for nothing, he blames Juliet here, and soon, he will blame fate. After Benvolio tells us that Mercutio has died, Romeo says:This days black fate on more days doth depend;This but begins the woe, others must end.This is when Romeo finally realis es that what has happened will have very big consequences, repercussions, he is saying that the future is being destined, and it will end up in a strange way. As mentioned before, Romeo and Juliet is a play that is different to a normal Shakespearean time comedy or tragedy, the two have been combined, so we will, from this point forward will also have the idea that diverse things compared to the original will happen.As Tybalt enters the scene again, Romeo immediately says:Alive, in triumph! And Mercutio slain!Away to heaven, respective lenity,And fire-eyed fury be my conduct now!Again, Romeo is not thinking, and he again, causes trouble. Here, as both Romeo and Tybalt fight, Benvolio does not interfere, but, Tybalt has fallen to the ground, and as mentioned before, Romeo will blame anything but himself, even fate, just like in this situation, where he says o, I am fortunes fool. Benvolio then tells Romeo to run, he does not run with Romeo, as we know, he has nothing to run from.The second part of the scene is important because of the fight between Tybalt and Mercutio, where Mercutio dies, and the vengeance fight between Romeo and Tybalt, where Tybalt falls. The part before this second part of the scene shows that something bad will happen, here, something bad does happens. I believe that it is an important scene because it shows how Romeo, Tybalt and Benvolio are really like. Tybalt and Romeo are similar in personality, they both are stubborn and they will not give up on a fight once started. They both do not think before they speak, and they do not think before they act either.The final part of the play is about the authority and the citizens questioning Benvolio for the truth. Also in this scene, the prince decides upon a punishment for Romeo to suite both the Capulets and the Montagues, so no more trouble will be caused. When the prince arrives on scene, he does not take any notice of the biased persons comments. He asks the one who has witnessed, in this c ase Benvolio, Where are the ville beginners of this fray the prince does not ask who killed Tybalt, nor does he judge, but what he does do is try to understand the nature of the brawl, who, what, why, when and where. Benvolios answer to his question is all accuracy; he seems to have no emotion at all, the way his speech is written also seems dispassionate. Lady Capulet then says her point of view about the death of Tybalt. She is an emotional out pour; however this is understandable because Tybalt is her kinsman. The word she uses O is an appeal to God, to the prince to do something about the death of Tybalt.The prince then asks Benvolio who began this bloody fray? again; he is asking Benvolio for a truthful answer, and not a pack of lies. Benvolio again does what he does, he is the moderate, he is a peace keeper, and he talks truth if he is asked for it, unlike Romeo and Tybalt. In his speech, when he says how nice the quarrel was he does not mean nice, he means petty, immature, it should not have happened. Secondly, I quote with gentle breath, calm look, knees humbly bowd here, Benvolio is trying to make the situation for Romeo easier, he placates it. He does not blame Romeo, nor does he blame Tybalt, but he does ease the trouble for Romeo, this is understandable because Romeo is after all, his friend. Thirdly, Benvolio says of Tybalt deaf to peace this is saying that Tybalt would not listen to Romeos thought and Mercutio who all as hot, his anger equivalent to Tybalts, and yet still they both fought the battle with one another, causing more trouble as Mercutio died, because now, Romeo is seeking revenge on behalf of Mercutio against Tybalt. The quote who had but newly entertaind revenge tells us that Romeo is seeking for the vengeance. The very last line of this speech reads This is the truth or let Benvolio die this shows that Benvolio was so certain that he told the truth, he knows he will not die because of defamation. His statement is all accurate; the audience also knows this too.After Benvolio has told the story, we know that is true, the Capulets want Romeo dead, whereas the Montagues prefer him alive. The prince now needs to make a decision to benefit both houses because if it does not, more conflicts will be caused out of this. The prince has listened to the story of Benvolio, he has heard what both Houses want, so he needs to make a decision at that particular time. He says:Romeo slew him, he slew Mercutio;Who now the price of his dear blood doth owe?This shows that the prince is thinking effectively and he does not want the houses to have any more trouble caused. He also says one last final speech at the end of the scene before everyone exits:And for that offenceImmediately we do exile him hence:I have an interest in your hates proceeding,My blood for your rude brawls doth lie a-bleeding;But Ill amerce you with so strong a fineThat you shall all repent the loss of mine:Nor tears nor prayers shall purchase out abuses:Theref ore use none: let Romeo hence in haste,Else, when hes found, that hour is his last.Bear hence this body and attend our will:Mercy but murders, pardoning those that kill.This speech of the prince shows us that the prince is hurt he does want Mercutio to be alive, and because he is dead, he will ask both the Montagues and the Capulets to pay a fine.Overall, this scene has much importance to the play, it has a major turning point, and this scene is where the comedy of the Shakespearean time and the tragedy combines to create an interesting and exciting combination. I have included many quotes, and have described this to support my initiative.

Free Essays on The Great Chain Of Being

Most of the concepts about the nature of living things in the early modern era were derived from the writings of Aristotle. Aristotle wrote about the concept of distinct types of organisms that could be distinguished from all the rest. Aristotle was interested in much more than the biological world, and attempted to build a theory of the world as a whole. As part of this theory, he believed that all of nature could be seen as a continuum of organization from lifeless matter. This matter consisted of the four embracements of water, earth, fire and air and composed everything all the way to the most complex forms of life. He thought of humans as different from the rest of animals though because of their capacity for reason and thought. Aristotle proposed a rank ordering of all living things, from the least to the highest (humans). This idea developed, during the later centuries, into the concept of the "Great Chain of Being". All living things were seen as members of unchanging t ypes, called species, which could be ordered from the least to the highest. Each species has at least one similarity between the species above it and below it in the â€Å"ladder†. Only individuals were born and died; species themselves were eternal. The metaphor of the "chain" of being suggested that these species were linked to each other by a logical progression. This concept, in the Western tradition, is the result of the attempt to combine the Aristotelian philosophy and Christian theology. To look at this from the religious standpoint natural theologists used the great chain of being to show that God had created stability in the world and linked all life together to prove that God existed. God created species in the great chain of being in a perfect set and hierarchy. In the religious aspect, God and the angels were at the top of the ladder and gave humans the â€Å"divine right† to command over the animals on down to plants, and then earth itself... Free Essays on The Great Chain Of Being Free Essays on The Great Chain Of Being Most of the concepts about the nature of living things in the early modern era were derived from the writings of Aristotle. Aristotle wrote about the concept of distinct types of organisms that could be distinguished from all the rest. Aristotle was interested in much more than the biological world, and attempted to build a theory of the world as a whole. As part of this theory, he believed that all of nature could be seen as a continuum of organization from lifeless matter. This matter consisted of the four embracements of water, earth, fire and air and composed everything all the way to the most complex forms of life. He thought of humans as different from the rest of animals though because of their capacity for reason and thought. Aristotle proposed a rank ordering of all living things, from the least to the highest (humans). This idea developed, during the later centuries, into the concept of the "Great Chain of Being". All living things were seen as members of unchanging t ypes, called species, which could be ordered from the least to the highest. Each species has at least one similarity between the species above it and below it in the â€Å"ladder†. Only individuals were born and died; species themselves were eternal. The metaphor of the "chain" of being suggested that these species were linked to each other by a logical progression. This concept, in the Western tradition, is the result of the attempt to combine the Aristotelian philosophy and Christian theology. To look at this from the religious standpoint natural theologists used the great chain of being to show that God had created stability in the world and linked all life together to prove that God existed. God created species in the great chain of being in a perfect set and hierarchy. In the religious aspect, God and the angels were at the top of the ladder and gave humans the â€Å"divine right† to command over the animals on down to plants, and then earth itself...

Ethical issues in urban planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical issues in urban planning - Essay Example The code of ethics and the ethical principles in planning, present a comprehensive insight to the planners regarding their professional duties and responsibilities. The key ideas and principles that are highlighted in the code of ethics and ethical principles are given below. Aspirational values are discussed in much more detail that provide the planners a sense of commitment and belonging to different stakeholder especially pertaining to institute, profession, colleagues, clients, employers and the general public. However, the responsibilities of the planners in this respect are not binding to them. Code of ethics also provides specific procedures to deal with misconduct charges. Detailed discussions are highlighted in respect of proceeding of a misconduct case, rulings and the alleged violations in the code of ethics. Another quite important aspect that is highlighted in the code is the matters relating to serious crime commitments. Very stringent and rigorous procedures are detailed in the code of ethics with serious consequences in case if a crime is proved in respect of a planner. The ethical principles emphasize the planners on achieving high degree of standards while serving to the public interest as part of their utmost professional liability. This principle requires planner to provide accurate information to the public, plan for the needs of public, clarify the true goals and objectives, safe guard of environmental heritage and concentrate on decision making process along with the consequences of them Another promising feature of the ethical principle states that planners should ensure the integrity and proficiency so that the image of profession should not be hampered. For this objective, the planners are restricted in their dealings such that maintaining integrity and faithfulness, prohibiting the acceptance of the gifts,

Efficiency In Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Efficiency In Healthcare - Essay Example Therefore, to effectively and efficiently implement the program, it is vital to promote a clear understanding of environmental context and targeted health behaviors. Meaningful evaluation is also necessary to explain and adopt appropriate techniques for handling diverse challenges. The change theory spells how ideas can be converted to strategies and ultimately concepts of action. It also brings on board explicit assumptions necessary for the implementation of any program in healthcare. Therefore, for efficiency in the implementation of the program, it is vital to develop both interactive and multi-disciplinary approaches that merge interpersonal, institutional, community and public policy. Conceivably, knowledge is indispensable, but not sufficient, the Baylor Hospital in Houston wasted over 250 million due to non-cognisant initial examination. The proposed program is complimentary to the Obama care, supportive of existing practices and responsive to changing healthcare demands. It clears the way for population changes of general Y and gives room for expansion through globalization of equipment. In conclusion, The Affordable Care Act has a number of growth opportunities for hospital-at-home care. ACA, for instance, stipulates that hospitals re-admitting excess patients soon after discharging risk losing Medicare support unless they can improve their patient outcomes. In essence, the hospitals should focus on hospital-at-home health services as a method of guaranteeing quality follow-up care and proper monitoring.

Current Ethical Issues Essay Example for Free

Current Ethical Issues Essay The Baderman Island Resort first opened in 2004 and is managed by the Boardman Management Group. Baderman Island features three different hotels and caters to both business and pleasure. The food is amazing and the 24 hour room service is even better. Along with housing and dinning Baderman Island offers plenty of activities to keep families busy having fun or to help the stressed businessman relax. On the Baderman Island Resort you will get to choose from three different hotels that are need specific. The first would be the Baderman Main Hotel. Here you can find good food and great lodging for you and your family. The Tenney hotel caters to more grown up tastes and is suited for romantic get-a-ways for you and your special someone. The last hotel is the Melancon Convention Center and Hotel which is more business orientated with a conference room that can hold up to 300 people. You can find packaging rates and catering options on the website. Each of the hotels feature large luxurious rooms and beds along with internet hookups, a wall safe, 24 hour room service, a mini-bar, and on- site managers available to help you with any of your needs. Along with great lodging Baderman Island Resort has five restaurants for you to choose from. If you are in the mood for something light you can check out the Baderman Island Cafà © or the Beverly Cafà ©. For something more filling check out the Morgan Bistro, the Kayfe, and the Tenney @ Night. All of the dinning at Baderman Island is freshly prepared and reasonably priced. Baderman Island is managed by the Boardman Management Group which has been in operation since 1994. The mission of the Boardman Management Group is â€Å"Founded in 1994, Boardman Management Group is dedicated to managing leisure and convention focused resorts that provide a unique and quality experience to guests and visitors. The Board of Directors and operational leaders in the organization, empowers its staff to offer unsurpassed quality of customer service, through individual acts of random kindness and specialty  services.† (Boardman Management Group, 2012). The responsibilities of the Boardman Management Group within the Baderman Island Resort are regulatory, finance and accounting, legal, marketing, IT services, and the entire human resources department. The organizational flow of Baderman Island is rather simple and easy to follow. You have your board of directors, chairperson of the board, your CEO, and your director of human resources management. Under the CEO is the Boardman Management Group and the vice president of guest services. The Boardman Management Group is responsible for regulatory, finance and accounting, legal, marketing, IT services. The vice president of guest services is responsible for the GM hotel, GM convention, GM food services, GM merchandise, and GM recreational. Under the GM support services there is security, logistics, engineering, emergency services, and guest relations. The employee services of the Baderman Island Resort feature an employee log in section of the website where employees can view memos and policy updates regarding the resort. Employees also have access to an employee only blog where they can post comments and suggest ideas; any HR issues should not be posted on the blog. Employees also have access to the different organization management charts for each division of the hotel. By having access to these charts employees can look up who their boss is and also follow up the management chain. One of the biggest moral and ethical issues facing the Baderman Island Resort is their destruction of the local forests and wildlife. Baderman Island Resort spans out over 1800 acres with 750 acres being fully developed. Baderman Island also has plans to develop the remaining acres by building a casino and expanding their botanical garden. If Baderman Island Resort wasn’t an island the destruction of habitats wouldn’t be such an ethical issue. Baderman is pushing wildlife out of the way to make room for the resort and eventually the wildlife will have nowhere to go. Another moral and ethical issue surrounding Baderman Island Resort is that of these customer service and well-being. There is the constant worry of  guests wandering off the trails and getting lost and hurt. Also there doesn’t seem to be any emergency health care located on the island. What is the plan if a guest is critically injured and needs medical help? Along with health and safety Baderman needs to work on their customer service for their international customers. Baderman has made mention that they are in the process of hiring more employees that can speak different languages in order to lessen the language barrier. Does this mean that Baderman will be laying off employees that don’t speak multiple languages to keep payroll from going over budget? Baderman Island Resort is a true paradise and a wonderful place to go to relax. There are a few issues that need to be addressed if Baderman is to be 100% successful in their industry. References * Baderman Island. (2012). Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Business/BadermanIsland/internet/index.asp * Boardman Management Group. (2012). Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/BoardmanManagementGroup/internet/index.asp * Trevino, L., Nelson, K. (2011). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Mathildes Inability to Accept Destiny in Guy de Maupassants The Neckl

Mathilde's Inability to Accept Destiny in Guy de Maupassant's The Necklace Many people born into the middle to lower class of society come to accept their lot in life and make the best of it, Mathilde, the main character in Guy de Maupassant's short story, 'The Necklace', is not one of these people. Mathilde felt that she was attractive and that fate must have made a mistake in birthing her into a family that could not provide a suitable dowry for a proper marriage. This situation left her with no choice but to marry Mr. Loisel, a minor clerk. Although many would think that Mathilde would have come to accept her lot in life, she never did; as time passed she dreamed more about the things she lacked, became more discontent with the things that she did have, and she even became manipulative and inconsiderate towards her husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a child Mathilde lived a simple life with her family of clerks and copyists, and as a wife she lived a simple life with her husband, thus Mathilde?s excuse for her insatiable craving for expensive and luxurious things was destiny. ?She was one of those pretty and charming women, born, as if by error of destiny, into a family of clerks and copyists? (paragraph 1). Mathilde dreamed about ?large, silent anterooms, decorated with oriental tapestries and lighted by high bronze floor lamps, elegant valets in short culottes dozing in armchairs under forced-air heaters. She dreamed about large drawing rooms draped in expensive silks, with fine end tables on which where placed knickknacks of inestimable value, and she dreamed of dainty private rooms designed for tà ªte-à  -tà ªtes? (paragraph 3). A glamorous house was not all that Mathilde dreamed about, ?she dreamed of expensive banquets with shining place settings, and wall hangings portraying ancient heroes and ex otic birds in an enchanted forest. She imagined a gourmet prepared main course carried on the most beautiful dishes, and whispered gallantries which she would hear with a smile as she dined on the pink meat of a trout or the wing of a quail? (paragraph 4).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Mathilde was not busy daydreaming about the things that were lacking in her life, she was busy complaining about the things that she did possess. Mathilde never once considered that she was fortunate because she owned furniture, she considered herself unfortunate because the furnishings that she did own wer... ...obligations, did business with finance companies and the whole tribe of loan sharks. He compromised himself for the reminder of his days, risked his signature without knowing if he?d be able to honor it? (paragraph 94). Thanks to Mathilde and her desire to save face and not seem irresponsible to her friend, Mrs. Forrestier she and Mr. Loisel were forced into a true life of poverty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After going through such hardship and trial, such as heavy house work, dirty kitchen jobs, hand-washing the laundry, taking the garbage out, carrying water up the stairs, haggling and defending each penny (paragraph 99) Mathilde still did not learn her lesson. She did not learn to be satisfied with what she had and be grateful; proof of this is evident when she says that ?sometimes when her husband is at work. She sits down near the window, and dream of that evening so long ago, of that party, where she had been so beautiful and admired? (paragraph 103). One has to wonder what it would take for Mathilde to realize that maybe her destiny was not to be rich, envied and sought after as she so often dreamed, maybe her destiny has been fulfilled, and she?d exactly where she?s supposed to be in life.

Book Banning Essay

Each year, libraries across the United States report hundreds of challenges. The leading causes for contesting a book are sexually explicit content, offensive language and inappropriate subjects for minors [source: American Library Association]. Only a minority of the requests actually make it through to banning the book from its respective library. The Catcher in the Rye. The Scarlet Letter. Huckleberry Finn. Harry Potter. The Diary of Anne Frank. Animal Farm. To Kill a Mockingbird. The Da Vinci Code. The Grapes of Wrath. These literary classics have been vital to the education of many, especially children and adolescents. These great novels both teach important values and educate children about world affairs and classic themes. Unfortunately, each of these novels has been banned at one point in time. Many of these classic stories have been banned because of sexual references, racial slurs, religious intolerance, or supposed witchcraft promotion. Although some may consider these books controversial or inappropriate, many English classes have required us to read these books. Like the teachers that assigned us these books, I believe that even controversial books can ultimately boost, not deter, our educational wealth. I oppose book banning for three main reasons. First, I believe that education should be open to everyone. Everyone should have an opportunity to read any literature of their choosing and form his or her own opinions based on the reading. Micah Issitt lists â€Å"three basic rights covered under the freedom of the press: the right to publish, the right to confidentiality of sources, and the right of citizens to access the products of the press. † My second reason specifically addresses the last right stating that citizens should have access to the press. The government should not restrict books from being published or interfere into personal affairs as this is an infringement of the First Amendment. Finally, I believe that parents should monitor what their own children read, but not have the authority to ban other children from reading these novels. For these reasons, I conclude that the government should play no role in the issue what citizens do and do not read, and that book restriction should remain a solely private matter. At first glance, the debate over banning books appears unimportant. Nevertheless, this debate has divided our nation into those who favor censoring books to protect their impressionable adolescents, and those who argue that education should be open for everybody without interference from the government in restricting the publishing and accessing of these books. Issitt argues that censoring books violates the First Amendment, stating that â€Å"citizens must be free to seek out any media, regardless of content, that they deem appropriate for entertainment, information, or education. Denying the rights of the consumer, in any area, is one of the hallmarks of authoritarianism. † While I do not equate banning books with â€Å"authoritarianism,† we do endorse Issitt’s belief that individual citizens have the right to choose, under their own discretion, what books to read. The First Amendment protects the freedom of expression and speech, and by prohibiting certain messages, the government clearly infringes upon public rights. On the other hand, Healey claims that censorship does not â€Å"repress information that teenagers and children are exposed to,† but merely gives parents the rights to educate their children in the ways they deem appropriate. Though I concede that parents do have the right to monitor what their children read, they do not have the right to remove books from public libraries or monitor what other children in the city read. Healey attempts to persuade readers that â€Å"censorship of books should not be about silencing voices on important topics, but about steering young people toward the best possible literature;† however, she fails to specify what constitutes as â€Å"the best possible literature. † Some of â€Å"the best possible literatures† also happen to cause the most controversy, including Huck Finn, Harry Potter, The Scarlet Letter, and To Kill a Mockingbird. Those who protest against these books have clearly not studied them in depth. For example, the main theme in Huckleberry Finn focuses not on advocating racism, as some suggest, but proving that race does not define a person’s intelligence or capability for compassion. Even Healey admits that â€Å"concerned parents and community members react without taking the time to closely investigate the books they want banned. † While I agree that parents should play an active role in educating their children and as their primary guardians, have the legal right to monitor what their children read, I disagree that this legal right extends to controlling what other children in the neighborhood read as well. Prohibiting children from reading a book will not enhance their moral values. Rather, banning a book more likely will increase curiosity for reading it. I also empathize with parents who ban books with controversial or uncomfortable subjects because they are unsure as to how their children will react or how to explain such topics. A good way to discuss these subjects with children is to read books with various views on the subject so that children can experience multiple points of view before forming their own opinions. Healey herself agrees that such a method â€Å"might help young people better understand the world they live in, the human condition, and issues they face in their culture. † As Healey stated, parents also tend to ban books based on â€Å"moral grounds, although some books have been condemned for their perspectives on civic values and history. † For this very reason, the general public should read these books. Our society, especially our younger children, needs to read these books since fully understanding a topic requires knowledge of both sides. If we choose to disregard even a highly unpopular opinion, we intentionally choose to live in ignorance, only partially educated in a topic we claim to know so well. Without a doubt, if we continue to ban books and ignore what some consider taboo topics, we hinder ourselves and our children from finding ways to solve society’s problems, thus hampering the development of our nation as a whole. Many conservative groups make the argument that the books that have been banned have material that is inappropriate, immoral or contradicting the beliefs they have ingrained in their children and/or their society. Take for consideration the controversial books that tackle difficult, touchy social issues like homosexuality. Books like â€Å"Heather Has Two Mommies,† by Leslea Newman and â€Å"Daddy’s Roommate† by Michael Willhoite (both books written for youth with gay parents) were shot down by conservative groups because they attempted to educate children about homosexuality, an issue parents felt needed to be taught to their respective children by them. While this may seem like a valid argument, really it is just skirting around the actual issue. Book-banning cases usually concern the protection of children and their innocence, but all that is happening is sheltering parents showing an awkward avoidance of their children’s confrontation with uncomfortable matters. It is not only selfish, but also harmful to the overall education of their children. This act of prohibiting books is just the parents’ way of evading of the conversation with their child about these sensitive issues. These two books are issues that Healey brings up in her argument on how groups were upset about the way these books informed their children of homosexuality. Homosexuality and other touchy social issues are part of everyday life, and for a group to attempt to censor this subject from younger society is almost absurd; these issues are not monstrous and the censorship of them not only shows prejudice but lack of respect. Banning books seems to be the most public solution for a private matter- not everyone should have to suffer restrictions because one group feels uncomfortable with the book. That being said, there are often books that contain graphic and often highly inappropriate material; I do consent that these books should be censored at the discretion of the parent, or anyone involved however, no one is forcing books upon others, so we should not be forced to remove them. Other groups would say that it’s also the duty of the government to regulate these books to protect concerned citizens and their families, but I would have to disagree. It’s the exact opposite of the government’s role- our private lives, the books we read, should be regulated and controlled by us. Banning books from public congregations is not what the government was intended to do. Topics that seem socially outlawed in public, let alone published, have been banned because their immoral content may have a negative effect on younger children. In these books, authors doesn’t promote or encourage bad behaviors, they prepare their readers for some of the real world challenges. The child would never be able to learn these things if the book was banned, nor be able to form his or her own opinion about that certain topic. Healey discusses that the book, 33 Snowfish, a â€Å"dark story of three teenage runaways who are victims of various forms of abuse†¦ † by Adam Rapp may be an unsuitable way to educate children on these timely topics. However, having these stories banned all together would just further shelter a child whose parents may not be willing to discuss these issues with them at all. Even though these books center around scary topics, they are educating children on real life matters that they will be exposed to once they venture into the world themselves. Healey goes on to make the point that the books should not be banned as well, since it is a matter of private opinion not one to be made by the public libraries of a community. She suggests that schools should â€Å"inform parents about the kinds of books they offer children† in their libraries and classrooms instead of banning them. With the knowledge that some of these books have to offer, children can learn how not to act and what can be the consequences if they do misbehave. This learning experience could turn around with the help of a parent and pass a positive affect over the child. Clearly, banning books not only hinders a child’s educational development but also leaves them unaware of the true state of the world. Books do not simply impart general information; they heavily influence a child, the future generation. Without regular access to books, both adults and children could not form sound opinions, only narrow-minded ones. Both advocates and opposers of book banning agree that â€Å"books are powerful instruments. † Otherwise, a debate on the subject would neither have arisen nor lasted so long. Because books â€Å"can be used to†¦ inculcate values and transmit ideology, and to stimulate the imagination,† as Healey suggests, any person should remain free to select his or her reading material. This personal issue of selecting reading material has no relation to the government. On the contrary, government action interferes with individual education, a primary American value. Ultimately, children can learn personal responsibility in determining which books to regard and which to discard. In the future, these children will become well-educated adults who can benefit the American society. ————————————————-

High School Drop Outs Will Fall - 1791 Words

Schools and educators are faced with the tremendous task of preparing students to be successful in school and beyond in a fast-paced, ever changing world. Students will need more skills and higher levels of education and training than ever before in order to be successful. In 1973, only 28 percent of jobs required postsecondary education, whereas by 2020, 65 percent of jobs will require postsecondary education (Carnevale, Smith, Stohl, 2010 and 2013). Those who have not learned how to learn will be left behind (DuFour, DuFour, Eaker, 2016). High school drop outs will fall significantly behind in the American economy. According to Geringer and Jones (2016), jobs that pay $53,000 or higher annually made up almost half of the jobs in the†¦show more content†¦According to Callendar (2014), â€Å"students with long histories of underachievement drop out disproportionately† (p.4). The Consortium on Chicago School Research correlated class failure with dropping out of high school, indicating that students who passed their core classes their freshman year are three and one-half times more likely to graduate within four years than those who fail one or more core classes (Allensworth Easton, 2005). In fact, the likelihood of students graduating who have failed core classes at any grade level drops from 80 percent to 44 percent (Callender, 2014). With increased pressures to meet academic standards because of the serious implications of adult success noted earlier, the focus of teachers and administrators have remained on the academic areas of education (Buffum, Mattos, Weber, Hierck, 2015; Algozzine, Wang, Violette, 2011). However, the acknowledgment that there is a co-occurrence between academics and behaviors necessitates that attention is needed on the impact that behavior plays in the success of students as well. The behavior skills that a student possesses is important to their future and is evident in the literature. For example, Tobin and Sugai (1999) found that student academic failure could be predicted by three or more suspensions in the ninth grade. They also found correlations between grade point average (GPAs) and specific types of office discipline referral for behaviors includingShow MoreRelatedWhy Students Are Dropping Out Of School1544 Words   |  7 Pagesabout 80% of them have dropped out of high school( Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1995). Many high schoolers drop out because of the lack of quality education in the schools and funding. The root of crime and incarceration of the United States is education in the schools and prisons. The lack of proper education in the school systems in low quality neighborhoods discourages many high school students leaving them to drop out. 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